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Chin (lower jaw area) fat grafting
Chin fat grafting aims to restore a receding chin, small chin, sunken chin, or asymmetry in the jawline into a natural and balanced chin.
Indications for chin (lower jaw area) fat grafting
◎ When the chin is small
◎ A chin that has developed a curved deformity after implant removal
◎ A sunken chin with a hollow center
◎ A chin with scars and irregular contours due to trauma
◎ An asymmetrical chin with irregular contours
◎ A receded receding chin
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Three styles of chin (lower jaw area) fat grafting
Chin fat grafting is designed according to the size of the chin and the shape desired.
In the case of a curved and asymmetrical chin, the procedure is performed with the goal of smoothing the contour and achieving symmetry.
If the chin is short, there are methods that increase the vertical length or create a forward-downward projection at a 45-degree angle.
The design varies depending on the shape the patient wants, and the fat is grafted accordingly.
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Effects of chin (lower jaw area) fat grafting
By correcting a receding chin, sunken chin, or asymmetrical chin, it balances the overall face and restores normal contours.
In addition, even after a chin implant has been removed due to complications, fat grafting can restore the shape of the chin.
Problems with implants for chin (lower jaw area) plastic surgery
To expand the jawline, solid implants such as silicone or Gore-Tex have traditionally been used.
This involved the burden of making an incision inside the mouth for insertion, as well as the burden of living with a foreign substance in the chin. In some cases, side effects such as a foreign-body sensation and a tight feeling may occur.
Inflammation can also occur after implant insertion, and if inflammation develops, the implant must be removed.
However, after implant removal, many patients experience sequelae such as severe contour deformity of the chin.
Therefore, if the chin becomes deformed after implant removal, correction should be done with fat grafting.
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Fat grafting procedure for chin (lower jaw area) correction
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① Fat is harvested from areas where fat is abundant, such as the lower abdomen, waist, or thighs.
Because anesthesia is local anesthesia (painless sleep anesthesia), there is no pain at all.
A thin liposuction cannula is used to collect the fat into a syringe.
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② The harvested fat is placed in a centrifuge to remove impurities (local anesthetic, serum, red blood cells, etc.).
The purpose of centrifugation is to remove impurities contained in the fat, increase the concentration of the fat, and improve the survival rate of the grafted fat.
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③ After centrifugation, the fat undergoes a second concentration process to remove moisture and oil.
To achieve a fat survival rate of at least about 50%, the fat must undergo a two-step purification process after centrifugation to remove oil and moisture.
For grafted fat to survive well, it must be free of impurities.
In practice, a single centrifugation step is often not enough to sufficiently concentrate the fat.
By removing oil and moisture, it is possible to obtain concentrated fat that is close to 100%.
The purified fat is measured with a 1 cc syringe as needed.
For fat grafting to the lip area, about 2 cc of concentrated fat is grafted to each of the upper and lower lips.
For the chin (lower jaw area), about 5 cc to 7 cc of concentrated fat is grafted.
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④ Fat is grafted into the area to be treated, which has already been locally anesthetized.
At our clinic, we use our own developed micro-needle (fine grafting cannula).
The micro-needle is a special grafting cannula used only at our clinic, enabling ultra-precise grafting.
Fat grafting is performed after the tunneling process creates space for the fat to be placed.
The principle of fat grafting is to graft the fat evenly across the target area so that it does not clump together, while also maximizing the survival rate as much as possible.
To do this, small amounts of concentrated fat must be finely grafted per unit area and spread evenly across multiple sites.
Even if a large amount of fat is grafted into one area, fat that does not receive blood supply will eventually necrose and be absorbed.
The effect of our clinic’s fat grafting tunneling technique
Tunneling means creating a place for the fat to go using a micro-needle just beneath the skin. Because space is created like drilling a tunnel and then the fat is injected afterward, the fat does not sag downward due to gravity or become uneven even after all of it has been placed.
Rather than injecting a large amount into one place using the tunneling technique, we perform three-dimensional micro fat grafting with evenly distributed, fully concentrated fat in layers.
A delicate and careful injection method allows for customized design.
Fat grafting also includes a process called “tunneling,” which ensures that the grafted fat is placed in close contact with the surrounding abundant blood vessels so it can continuously receive nutrients.
Examples of chin (lower jaw area) fat grafting procedures
If the chin is small or has a sunken area, fat grafting can increase the chin volume.
Traditionally, solid implants such as silicone or Gore-Tex were often used to expand the jawline, but this involved the burden of making an incision inside the mouth for insertion and the burden of living with a foreign substance in the chin. In some cases, side effects such as a foreign-body sensation and a tight feeling occurred.
For those who are afraid of implanting foreign materials because of such problems, fat grafting makes it possible to correct the jawline naturally and without side effects.
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The effect of chin fat grafting is comparable to that of implants or chin bone advancement.
Since most chin shapes that can be corrected with implants or chin bone surgery can also be created with fat grafting, most receding chins or sunken chins can be naturally corrected with fat grafting without the need for implant insertion or chin bone surgery.
Advantages of correcting the jawline with fat grafting
| The procedure is simple. |
|---|
| There are almost no problems such as foreign-body sensation or inflammation, unlike implants such as silicone or Gore-Tex. |
| Because the procedure does not require skin incisions, there is no concern about scarring. |
| Since it uses the patient’s own tissue, the shape is soft and natural. |
| Depending on the shape of the jawline, a variety of delicate shapes can be achieved. |
| Because grafted fat remains permanently as the patient’s own tissue, the effect can be maintained for a long time. |
Precautions when correcting with fat grafting
| After the procedure, do not press on or apply impact to the area until the fat has settled. |
|---|
| Jumping exercises should be avoided for about one month because shaking can reduce the fat survival rate. |
| Avoid alcohol and smoking for about one week. |
| Do not open or close the mouth too widely, as this can reduce fat absorption. |
Number of chin (lower jaw area) fat grafting sessions
Chin fat grafting is mainly performed by grafting evenly into the lower part of the chin muscle, within the muscle, and into the fat layer.
In other words, three-dimensional fat grafting is performed.
In the chin, the fat survival rate is relatively high.
The survival rate is about 50% to 70%, and this is an area where fat cell survival is relatively stable compared with other areas.
Although variables such as skin thickness and tissue flexibility affect how much the chin can be augmented with fat, sufficient chin contour correction can usually be achieved as desired.
In most cases, one treatment is enough, and in some cases, two sessions may produce satisfactory results.
Lasting effects of fat grafting
Some people say fat grafting is ineffective because much of it is absorbed, but this applies when the procedure is done at a clinic with limited experience.
If the procedure is performed accurately and according to the principles, satisfying results can be achieved, and the grafted fat will no longer be absorbed but will remain as your own tissue for life, making it one of the safest and most effective procedures.
On average, after one session and occasionally two sessions of fat grafting, permanent and satisfactory facial contour correction can be achieved.
Fat grafting is a procedure that produces good results only when performed based on skilled technique and experience.
Side effects of fat grafting
Fat grafting is one of the procedures with the fewest side effects.
However, side effects can occasionally occur due to poor technique from an inexperienced practitioner.
Excessive swelling caused by overinjection of fat, calcification due to fat necrosis, uneven contours, reduced effect due to excessive fat absorption, and redness caused by inflammation may occur, but these are issues related to the practitioner’s experience and skill.
The entire process, from fat harvest to purification and grafting, must be carried out very delicately, carefully, and according to principles to achieve good results.
If the procedure is performed correctly and according to the principles, these problems occur rarely, so it is advisable not to undergo treatment from a non-specialist plastic surgeon with limited fat grafting experience.
Comparison of implants and fat grafting for the chin
| Silicone, Gore-Tex (implant) | Fat grafting |
|---|
| Whether an incision is made | Incision is made through the inside of the mouth | No incision is needed |
| Procedure time | 1 hour | 30 minutes |
| Corrective effect | The corrective effect is large. However, the effect on fine curves or asymmetry is limited. | The effect is similar to that of implants. Fine contour correction and asymmetrical chin correction are also possible. |
| Scope of procedure | The range is limited. | It can be applied in a wide and diverse range. |
| Return to daily life | There are difficulties with eating due to the incision inside the mouth. Swelling is significant. It must be fixed with tape for about 7 days. | You can return to daily life immediately. There is only slight swelling and bruising. No tape fixation is needed. |
Second fat grafting procedure
Fat grafting is not always completed in one session.
The survival rate differs by area, and there are individual differences as well.
Since about 50% of the grafted fat is absorbed on average, the shape may look good at first but gradually be absorbed over time, so a second procedure may be necessary if needed.
◎ Return to the plastic surgery clinic 3 to 10 months after the first fat grafting to check the progress.
◎ If a second fat grafting session is deemed necessary, thaw the frozen fat that was stored during the first procedure and inject it again under local anesthesia.
◎ Since the fat harvesting process is omitted compared with the first procedure, the treatment time is much shorter, and the cost is about half of the first fat grafting session.
◎ If the first procedure has healed well and the shape is satisfactory, no further fat grafting is needed.
In other words, a second session is performed only if necessary, and the patient can judge whether it is needed by looking at the shape.
Fat grafting is usually performed in one or two sessions.
If a second session is needed, it is performed between 3 and 10 months later.
On average, after one to two sessions, satisfactory facial contour correction can be achieved.
Procedure before and after fat grafting and post-procedure care tips
① Make a consultation appointment by phone or online.
② Visit at the scheduled consultation time and receive the consultation.
③ If you want the procedure, make a surgery appointment immediately after the consultation and leave. You can also make a surgery appointment later by phone or online.
④ Arrive 30 minutes before the scheduled surgery time, receive an explanation of the fat grafting procedure, and have the design planned.
⑤ After the design is completed, change clothes and receive an intravenous injection for painless sleep anesthesia.
⑥ The procedure time for fat grafting varies by area, and if multiple areas are treated at once, it may take longer.
On average, it takes 30 minutes to as long as 2 hours.
⑦ After the procedure, you will receive antibiotic and anti-inflammatory injections and rest in the recovery room for about 30 minutes.
⑧ You will be given post-procedure precautions and scheduled for your next visit.
⑨ Visit 2 days after the procedure to check the grafted area and disinfect the fat-harvest site.
Showering is possible starting 2 days after the procedure.
Visit on day 7 after the procedure to check the progress and remove the stitches from the fat-harvest site (navel).
If your home is too far away and it is difficult to visit, you do not necessarily have to come in.
⑩ If a second procedure is needed, you will visit and undergo treatment between 3 months and 1 year later.
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Does the second fat grafting have to be done exactly after 3 months? Can’t it be done earlier or later?
A second procedure is not mandatory; it is performed only when necessary.
On average, the second fat grafting is scheduled after 3 months.
The reason is that fat survival takes place over 3 months, and after 3 months there is almost no further change in appearance, so deciding whether a second fat grafting is needed based on the shape at that time allows for a more accurate judgment.
Another reason is that if a second fat grafting is done too soon, the fat grafted during the first procedure may be damaged during the second procedure before it has had a chance to survive.
There is no problem with doing the second procedure 5 or 6 months after the 3-month mark.
However, after 10 months, the stored fat is discarded, so having the second fat grafting within 10 months makes the procedure simpler.
If the second procedure is done after 10 months, fat must be harvested again.
How long do the effects of fat grafting last?
Some of the fat is absorbed until about 3 months, when survival is established, but fat that survives after 3 months is no longer absorbed and remains permanently as your own tissue.
However, the shape of the grafted area does not remain the same for life.
As time passes and you age, aging changes such as sagging skin, wrinkles, and skeletal changes occur, so the area that has undergone fat grafting is not exempt from aging.
For this reason, the effect of fat grafting is sometimes described as semi-permanent, but more strictly speaking, it can also be described as permanent.
It is a matter of wording, but you can think of the effect of fat grafting as lasting until significant aging occurs later in life.
What is the difference between fat grafting and micro fat grafting?
Fat grafting is a term that broadly refers to the series of steps involved in harvesting fat and transferring it to the area to be grafted.
In other words, even grafting large pieces of fat surgically is called fat grafting, and so is harvesting it with a syringe and grafting it with a syringe.
Micro fat grafting is a method of fat grafting using a syringe, and it is one of the methods used to increase precision and the fat survival rate by grafting small amounts in multiple areas, even when the same total amount is grafted, using needle-sized portions.
What is the difference between two-dimensional fat grafting and three-dimensional space fat grafting?
So-called three-dimensional fat grafting means grafting fat evenly across multiple layers.
Below the skin there are several tissue layers, such as the fat layer, fascia layer, muscle layer, and periosteal layer.
Three-dimensional fat grafting increases the fat survival rate and allows for soft, even grafting by using the available space to the fullest by grafting fat evenly into these multiple layers.
Two-dimensional fat grafting means grafting into only one layer among the multiple layers, such as the muscle layer or the fat layer.
However, three-dimensional fat grafting is not always the best.
Depending on the area to be grafted and the amount to be grafted, sometimes three-dimensional grafting is appropriate, and in other areas two-dimensional grafting is more suitable.
For example, the upper eyelid should be grafted below the muscle layer, but if three-dimensional grafting is done, the shape becomes uneven and side effects such as a heavy eyelid may occur.
Therefore, for the upper eyelid, two-dimensional plane fat grafting, which is performed only in the fat layer, is preferable.
For areas such as the chin or cheeks, if a relatively large amount is grafted, it is better to evenly graft into both the muscle layer and the fat layer because this creates a softer shape and helps with survival, making three-dimensional fat grafting more suitable.
It is important to choose the proper method for each area.
How is the procedure performed to increase fat survival rate?
To increase the survival rate of fat, the harvesting process itself is important first.
The fat should be harvested carefully so that the fat cells are not damaged as much as possible, and impurities should be filtered out to the greatest extent possible.
To do this, a small liposuction cannula is used to carefully harvest the fat, and the harvested fat is purified through centrifugation and a second concentration process.
If this process is insufficient, it is similar to collecting fat but failing to graft it properly, so the effect is reduced.
It is no exaggeration to say that the biggest key to the effect of fat grafting is whether the fat is properly concentrated or not.
Is it true that fat grafting often gets absorbed and has no effect?
Fat grafting methods differ by clinic, and results vary greatly depending on the practitioner’s skill.
If fat grafting is done carelessly and against the principles, most of the grafted fat may be absorbed, to the point where there is almost no difference from not having the procedure at all.
Only when the entire process from fat harvesting to purification and grafting is performed accurately and according to the principles can a high survival rate and a smooth, even contour be achieved.
Is it true that the face can become uneven after fat grafting?
The principle of fat grafting is to achieve a smooth and even contour.
If an uneven result occurs, it is due to incorrect fat grafting that went against the principles.
There are several causes of unevenness.
Examples include grafting fat irregularly directly beneath the skin, grafting too much fat in one place, grafting unevenly by area instead of uniformly, and failing to perform proper molding after fat grafting.
Therefore, to achieve a smooth and even contour, fat should not be grafted too superficially, it should be micro-grafted evenly and uniformly, and the procedure should be finished with molding to obtain the effect of smooth facial contour correction.
Is there a difference in results between using stored frozen fat and using freshly harvested fat?
If frozen fat is stored properly, the properties of the fat cells change very little.
Therefore, properly frozen and stored fat shows almost no difference in results compared with freshly harvested fat.
How well fat can be stored is also one of the techniques in fat grafting.
Without storage technology, it is difficult to store fat for even one month.
It also creates the inconvenience and effort of harvesting fat every time the procedure is performed.
The storage method requires sterile, low-temperature freezing, and impurities must be removed before storage so that the fat does not deteriorate, which can extend the frozen storage period.
Usually, fat cells can be stored sufficiently for about one year without deterioration.
If a clinic says that frozen fat deteriorates easily and the procedure must be repeated by harvesting fat again each time, that clinic has no storage facility or technology at all.
In other countries, frozen stored fat is sometimes used for up to 3 years.
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